Bioretention systems treat stormwater runoff by mimicking natural soil and plant processes to slow, filter, and clean water before it enters groundwater or storm drains.
As stormwater flows into a bioretention area, it passes through layers of mulch, vegetation, and engineered soil. These layers physically filter out sediment and suspended solids, while finer pollutants are treated through chemical and biological processes such as adsorption and microbial activity.
Plant roots also take up nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, while microbes help break down organic pollutants and transform nutrients into less harmful forms. Depending on the system design, the treated water may infiltrate into the native soil to help recharge groundwater, or it may collect in an underdrain system and discharge to the storm sewer after treatment.
Bioretention systems can also reduce runoff volume through infiltration, evaporation, and plant transpiration. These combined water-quality and water-quantity benefits make bioretention well-suited for Low Impact Development, Green Infrastructure, and Environmental Site Design projects.